**Dalbergia odorifera – Scented Rosewood** Scientific name: *Dalbergia odorifera*; also known as *Dalbergia odorifere* T. Chen. It is commonly referred to as "Huanghuali" or "Hainan Dalbergia," and sometimes called "Hainan huanghuali" (*D. hainanensis*). This wood is native to the lowland plains and hilly regions of Hainan Island, particularly in areas like Jianfengling and Hanglu Mountain, with a preference for sunny locations around 100 meters above sea level in Diaoluo Mountain. Huanghuali wood, often mistaken for a type of "pear" or "flower palm," was the primary material used in high-quality hardwood furniture during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It is prized for its warm yellow-brown heartwood, which develops a rich patina over time. The Ming and Qing literati especially favored it for its elegant texture and natural grain patterns, which vary in appearance, making each piece unique. The wood is renowned for its stability—resistant to warping, cracking, and bending, while maintaining a degree of flexibility. This makes it ideal for intricate furniture designs, such as curved legs and complex joinery. However, due to overharvesting, the availability of genuine Huanghuali wood declined significantly by the mid-Qing period. In terms of appearance, Huanghuali wood has a golden tone with a dark red or brown heartwood. Its grain resembles flowing water, and it often features distinctive "hibiscus" patterns that resemble fox heads, old men’s faces, and hair textures—often referred to as "ghost faces." These unique patterns make it highly sought after in antique furniture. Huanghuali wood is primarily produced in Hainan, and although it is slightly lighter than rosewood, it floats partially in water. Compared to other woods, it is less dense but still highly durable. In contrast, "rosewood rosewood" (also known as "Hainan red sandalwood" or "Vietnamese sandalwood") comes from Guangdong, Guangxi, and Vietnam. It is heavier, with a darker color ranging from orange-red to deep amber, and often features a "crab claw" or "cow hair" pattern. Another distinguishing feature is the oil content. Rosewood tends to be oilier, with a yellowish residue when touched, whereas Huanghuali has a warmer, brighter finish without the same oily texture. There's also a type of wood called "grass rosewood," which is coarser and less valuable, with a dull, rough surface and minimal aesthetic appeal. Tumors, or "eucalyptus wood" (also called "shadow wood" or "Gugu"), are rare growths found on trees, often shaped like scorpions. These nodules have a unique swirling grain and are considered extremely valuable, especially in rosewood. Huanghuali wood is not only a symbol of craftsmanship but also a cultural treasure, representing the pinnacle of traditional Chinese furniture art. Its enduring beauty and historical significance continue to captivate collectors and artisans worldwide.

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