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**1. Principles of Fertilizer Management**
(1) Adjust the application ratio of nitrogen fertilizer in the early and late growth stages based on the characteristics of wheat varieties. For high-gluten wheat, it is recommended to apply nitrogen fertilizer later. The amount and timing of topdressing should be determined scientifically according to the base fertilizer application, seedling condition, and soil fertility. Topdressing should be applied based on the actual condition of the seedlings.
(2) Determine irrigation time and water usage based on soil moisture, water retention capacity, and fertilizer retention ability to achieve an effective combination of water and fertilizer management.
(3) Take advantage of the thawing period in early spring and the jointing stage of wheat. Implement timely measures to promote weak seedlings, increase ear formation rate, and control excessive growth to prevent lodging.
**2. Guidance for Fertilizer Management**
(1) If the total number of stems per acre is less than 450,000 before the green-up stage, manage the three types of wheat fields with lighter leaf color and poor growth by applying fertilizer and water. Two rounds of spring topdressing are recommended. Apply 5–8 kg of urea per acre during the green-up stage with irrigation, and 5–10 kg of urea per acre during the jointing stage with irrigation.
(2) When the total number of stems per acre is between 450,000 and 600,000, apply 10–15 kg of urea per acre combined with watering. For fields with insufficient seedlings, apply fertilizer and water during the early to mid-stem elongation stage. For suitable fields, apply fertilizer and water during the late stem elongation stage.
(3) When the total number of stems per acre is between 600,000 and 800,000, apply 12–15 kg of urea per acre during the jointing stage combined with irrigation.
(4) If the total number of stems per acre exceeds 800,000, and the leaves are dark green with signs of overgrowth, delay nitrogen fertilizer application and reduce the amount to control population and prevent lodging. Apply 8–10 kg of urea per acre in the late jointing stage.
(5) For dryland wheat fields without irrigation, combine soil loosening and tilling to improve drought resistance. In early spring, if the soil is moist or after rain, apply 5–7 kg of urea per acre with fertilizer or furrow. If rain occurs in the middle or late growth stages, apply 5–8 kg of urea per acre.
(6) Apply diammonium phosphate as a base fertilizer if no phosphorus fertilizer was used or if the field has a phosphorus deficiency. If there is no irrigation or effective rainfall, spray urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the spring to enhance nutrient absorption.
(7) In areas with good conditions, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boron fertilizer, and zinc fertilizer on the leaves during the grain-filling stage. This helps prevent dry hot winds, reduces lodging, improves grain filling, and increases grain weight.
(8) In sulfur-deficient areas, if superphosphate, potassium sulfate, or sulfur-based compound fertilizers were not used as base fertilizer, apply ammonium sulfate during the first topdressing. Apply approximately 2 kg of sulfur per mu.
*Soil Testing and Formula Fertilization Technology Expert Group, Ministry of Industry*
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