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Before transplanting rice, it is essential to properly prepare the field. The land should be leveled using a rotary tiller or similar equipment, ensuring that the height difference does not exceed 3 to 5 cm. The timing of land preparation should align with the transplanting schedule. Ideally, the soil should be ready one day before transplanting for loamy soil, two to three days in advance for clay soil, and three to four days ahead for heavy clay. During this process, phosphate, potassium, and silicon fertilizers should be thoroughly mixed into the mud to enhance soil fertility.
Transplanting should occur when the daily average temperature stabilizes at around 13°C. The recommended spacing is 30 cm between rows, 12 to 13 cm between plants, and 3 to 4 seedlings per hole. For high-yielding varieties, hybrid rice, or plants with tall growth and large tillers, it's advisable to plant two to three seedlings per hole to ensure better establishment.
When transplanting, ensure proper quality by pulling a straight line and maintaining consistent depth—ideally 2 cm. Keep the water level shallow (1 to 2 cm) during transplanting and immediately refill the field to protect the young seedlings from stress.
Two to three days after transplanting, fill the field with water up to a depth of 4 to 5 cm, which should cover about two-thirds of the seedling height. This helps prevent leaf curling and protects the plants. After a week, change the water, especially in saline-alkali fields where fresh water is necessary. Ten days after transplanting, apply green manure and 5 to 8 kg of urea per mu (approximately 667 square meters). Weeding should be done manually, removing any stubborn weeds that are hard to eliminate. It’s best to combine weeding with the tillering stage for optimal results.
In terms of pest and disease control, it is crucial to monitor for the "rice water weevil." Adult weevils feed on leaves, while larvae damage roots underwater. To manage this, spray pyrethroid-based pesticides such as insecticides, nematodes, or carbofuran on the weeds in the field, as larvae may hide among them. Follow the manufacturer's instructions and spray the field once. If no pesticide has been applied, do so immediately after transplanting to prevent infestation.
Source: Rural Newspaper