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Before transplanting rice, it is essential to properly prepare the field. The land should be leveled using a rotary tiller or a similar tool, ensuring that the height difference does not exceed 3 to 5 centimeters. The timing of land preparation should align with the transplanting schedule. Ideally, the soil should be ready one day before transplanting loamy soil, two to three days before preparing for clay soil, and three to four days in advance for heavy clay fields. During the preparation, it's important to mix phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, and silicon fertilizer into the soil to enhance its fertility.
Transplanting is best done when the daily average temperature stabilizes at around 13°C. The recommended spacing is 30 cm between rows and 12 to 13 cm between plants, with 3 to 4 seedlings per hole. In varieties with tall plants, large tillers, or hybrid rice, you can plant two to three seedlings per hole to ensure better growth. When transplanting, maintain good quality by pulling a string to keep rows straight, ensuring no holes are missed and all seedlings are placed correctly. The depth of planting should be about 2 cm. It’s best to transplant when there is shallow water (1 to 2 cm) in the field, and immediately fill the field with water after transplanting to protect the young plants.
After 2 to 3 days of transplanting, the water level should be raised to 4 to 5 cm, which should cover about two-thirds of the seedling height. This helps prevent leaf curling and protects the plants. After one week, change the water, especially in saline-alkali soils where fresh water is needed regularly. Ten days after transplanting, apply green manure and add 5 to 8 kg of urea per mu (approximately 667 square meters). Weeding should be done manually, removing any stubborn weeds that are hard to remove. It is most effective to combine weeding with the tillering stage of the rice plant.
In terms of pest and disease control, it is crucial to monitor for the "rice water weevil." Adult weevils feed on leaves, while their larvae damage roots underwater. To control this, spray pyrethroid-based pesticides such as insecticides, carbofuran, or other approved products on the weeds in the field, as the larvae may hide among them. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions and spray once on the field. If no pesticide has been applied, do so immediately after transplanting to prevent infestation.
Source: Rural Newspaper
This comprehensive guide covers the essential steps in rice transplanting, from land preparation to pest management, ensuring optimal growth and yield. By following these practices, farmers can improve productivity and reduce losses due to pests and poor planting techniques. Whether you're a seasoned farmer or new to rice cultivation, these tips can help you achieve better results in your agricultural efforts.