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In photovoltaic (PV) power plant systems, the inverter accounts for less than 8% of the total cost, yet it plays a critical role in determining the system’s overall energy output. When all other components and accessories are identical, selecting different inverters can lead to a 5% to 10% difference in total power generation. Once the system is operational, the inverter becomes the key factor influencing efficiency. As a result, experienced manufacturers prioritize inverters that maximize power output and enhance system performance.
Inverters are highly technical devices that integrate power electronics, structural design, thermal management, and control systems. It's unrealistic for EPC companies or power plant owners to become inverter experts. This article will explore one fundamental parameter—output voltage—and explain how it affects the inverter’s power output.
Currently, high-power PV inverters in China typically offer two output voltage levels: 270V and 315V. Common 270V models include 250kW, 400kW, and 500kW, while 315V models come in 315kW, 500kW, and 630kW. From a hardware perspective, a 630kW inverter with 315V output shares the same design as a 500kW inverter with 270V output. Therefore, the 315V inverter at the same power level is approximately 20% more efficient. Higher voltage means lower current, which leads to reduced losses and improved efficiency.
However, when considering the actual power generation of the system, Jingfuyuan’s R&D engineers recommend choosing an inverter with a 270V output. Before launching projects, their team conducted on-site inspections of over 50 PV plants worldwide and found that the 630kW inverter only generates about 20% more power than the 500kW model, often less than 15%. Through theoretical and field analysis, they discovered that the MPPT range of the 630kW inverter is 500V–820V, while the 500kW inverter has a range of 450V–820V. This 50V gap is usually addressed by using multiple string configurations. However, during cloudy or rainy conditions, the voltage often stays between 450V and 500V for longer periods, resulting in up to 10% more annual power generation with the 500kW inverter.