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The rapid growth of wind power in China has become a global phenomenon, with the country leading the world in both installed capacity and annual expansion. Over the past five years, China has maintained the fastest-growing wind power market, achieving a milestone in 2012 by becoming the world's largest grid-connected wind power producer. That year, wind power output surpassed 100 billion kWh for the first time, marking a significant step forward in renewable energy development.
Within the State Grid Corporation’s operating regions, the average annual growth rate of grid-connected wind power capacity reached an impressive 79% from 2005 to 2012. By the end of 2012, the total wind power grid-connected capacity had reached 56.76 million kilowatts, a 29% increase compared to the previous year. This accounted for 6.05% of the entire network’s installed capacity. Despite a slight decline in the year-on-year increase in 2012 (down 24.7%), China still maintained its position as the fastest-growing wind power market globally.
Wind power generation in 2012 remained stable, with a 37% year-on-year increase in cumulative generation in the State Grid’s operating areas, reaching 96.8 billion kWh. National wind power utilization hours were recorded at 1,893 hours, up 18 hours from the previous year. In most regions, including North, Northwest, and East China, wind power utilization hours increased significantly, while the Northeast region saw a slight decline.
To address the challenges of wind power integration, the State Grid Corporation has implemented various measures, such as adjusting dispatch schedules and prioritizing wind power in daily operations. Real-time monitoring of heating loads in the northwest, north, and northeast regions has allowed for better coordination between thermal and hydro power units. These efforts have helped maximize wind power absorption, especially in areas with limited grid capacity.
Cross-regional transmission has played a crucial role in reducing wind curtailment. The State Grid has optimized regional peak regulation and expanded wind power consumption through coordinated efforts. For example, the North China Power Grid assisted the Northeastern and Western Inner Mongolia grids in absorbing low-voltage wind power, with 450 million kWh and 160 million kWh consumed in those regions respectively in 2012.
Despite these efforts, challenges remain. The concentration of wind power in certain regions has led to overcapacity, with some provinces like Jilin and Heilongjiang experiencing high levels of wind curtailment. Wind power installed capacity in Jilin reached 3.3 million kW, accounting for 33.7% of the province’s maximum load, yet the system struggled to manage the peak demand.
Regarding media reports that estimated 20 billion kWh of wind curtailment in 2012, officials from the State Grid clarified that such figures lack authoritative sources. There is currently no unified method for calculating wind curtailment, leading to inconsistencies in data. Li Qionghui from the State Grid Energy Research Institute emphasized the need for standardized methods and reliable data to better understand and address the issue.
Looking ahead, the key to resolving wind curtailment lies in accelerating the planning and construction of cross-regional transmission channels, particularly ultra-high voltage (UHV) lines. Strengthening inter-regional grid connections will enable broader wind power consumption and reduce local overcapacity. However, delays in approval and construction of these projects remain a critical barrier.
Li Qionghui also highlighted the importance of aligning wind power development plans with grid and conventional power supply planning. Without proper coordination, wind farms may be built before the necessary infrastructure is in place, leading to unnecessary curtailment. To avoid this, he called for stronger government coordination and integrated planning across all stages of development.
In conclusion, while China has made remarkable progress in wind power, the challenge of wind curtailment remains complex. Continued investment in grid infrastructure, improved planning, and stronger policy support are essential to ensure the sustainable growth of the wind power industry.