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1. Principles of Fertilizer Management
(1) Adjust the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer applied in the early and late stages based on the characteristics of wheat varieties, with strong gluten wheat requiring a later application. Based on the base fertilizer application, seedling condition, and soil fertility, determine the amount and timing of topdressing scientifically, applying fertilizer according to the needs of the seedlings.
(2) Determine irrigation water usage and timing based on soil moisture, water retention capacity, and fertilizer conservation ability, ensuring effective integration of water and fertilizer management.
(3) Take advantage of the favorable conditions during early spring soil thawing and the jointing stage of wheat. Implement timely measures to promote growth, increase ear formation rates, and control excessive growth to prevent lodging.
2. Guidance for Fertilizer Management
(1) Before the wheat regreening period, if the total number of stems per acre is less than 450,000, fields with pale leaves and poor growth should be managed with timely fertilizer and water. Two rounds of spring topdressing can be applied: the first during the greening period, using 5–8 kg of urea per acre along with watering; the second at the jointing stage, applying 5–10 kg of urea per acre with watering.
(2) If the total number of stems per acre is between 450,000 and 600,000, apply 10–15 kg of urea per acre combined with watering. For fields with sparse growth, apply fertilizer early in the stem elongation phase. For well-developed fields, apply fertilizer in the later stage.
(3) When the total number of stems per acre is between 600,000 and 800,000, apply 12–15 kg of urea per acre during the jointing stage along with irrigation.
(4) If the total number of stems per acre exceeds 800,000, and the leaves are dark green with signs of excessive growth, delay the application of nitrogen fertilizer and reduce the amount to control population density and prevent lodging. Apply 8–10 kg of urea per acre in the late jointing stage.
(5) For dryland wheat fields without irrigation, combine cultivation and soil loosening to improve drought resistance. In early spring, after the soil thaws or during rain, apply 5–7 kg of urea per acre with fertilizer or through furrows. If rain occurs in the mid-to-late growth stages, apply 5–8 kg of urea per acre.
(6) Apply diammonium phosphate as base fertilizer in fields lacking phosphorus or where no phosphate fertilizer was used. In areas without irrigation or sufficient rainfall, spray urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in spring to enhance nutrient availability.
(7) In areas with good conditions, spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boron, and zinc fertilizers on the leaves during grain filling to prevent dry hot winds, reduce lodging, and improve grain filling and weight.
(8) In sulfur-deficient areas, if superphosphate, potassium sulfate, or sulfur-based compound fertilizer was not used as base fertilizer, apply ammonium sulfate during the first topdressing, providing approximately 2 kg of sulfur per acre.
Ministry of Industry Soil Testing and Formulation Fertilization Technology Expert Group
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