Recently, Sol Voltaics, a Swedish startup, announced that incorporating nanowire inks into solar panels could boost their energy conversion efficiency by up to 25%—without significantly increasing production costs. This breakthrough has the potential to make solar power more affordable and efficient than ever before. The company is working on a novel method to extract nanowires from gallium arsenide (GaAs), a material known for its superior performance in solar cells compared to silicon. However, GaAs has been expensive to produce and use. Sol Voltaics aims to change that by suspending nanowires in liquid form and applying them in a way that aligns the nanowires vertically, similar to the way grass blades stand upright. This technique allows for more efficient electricity generation while using less of the costly material. David Epstein, CEO of Sol Voltaics, explained that just under one gram of the material is needed to cover a square meter. This means the technology can be applied to surfaces like glass or even added to existing solar panels, boosting their output without requiring a complete replacement. A 25% increase in efficiency could mean fewer panels are needed to generate the same amount of power, or the same number of panels could produce more energy. For instance, a 200-watt panel could effectively become a 250-watt panel with this enhancement. While initial costs may be involved, the long-term benefits far outweigh these expenses. Sol Voltaics was founded by Professor Lund Samuelson, a leading researcher in nanotechnology at Lund University in Sweden. His work focuses on a process called "aerotaxy," which differs from traditional methods used in semiconductor manufacturing. Instead of depositing materials on fixed surfaces, aerotaxy creates nanowires continuously as gold nanoparticles flow through a gas-filled chamber. These nanowires are then collected in a liquid solution suitable for inkjet printing. Unlike traditional solar panel manufacturers, Sol Voltaics doesn't produce the panels themselves. Rather, they plan to develop and sell the nanowire ink to existing manufacturers, enabling them to enhance the efficiency of their products. As Epstein puts it: “We call it ink, and we’ll be an ink factory.†So far, Sol Voltaics has demonstrated solar cells made from indium phosphide nanowires. The company plans to showcase GaAs-based solar cells by the end of 2013 and begin large-scale commercial production by 2016. To support this growth, the company has already raised $11 million from Swedish investors and aims to secure an additional $10 million to $20 million this year. It estimates that at least $50 million will be needed to start mass production.
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