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With the rise in living standards, people's perspectives have gradually evolved, and there is a growing interest in antique aesthetics. As a result, the art of stone carving has gained increasing popularity. In many people's minds, antique stone carvings are often confused with fake ancient ones. However, it's important to understand that "imitation" and "forgery" are two distinct concepts. Imitation involves copying or emulating an original, while a forged piece is entirely fake, created to deceive.
There are several methods used to artificially age stone carvings to make them appear older:
1. The surface of the stone is treated with nitric or hydrochloric acid, causing chemical erosion. When exposed to sunlight during summer, the stone develops a weathered look. It may appear dark and glossy due to the acid, with a wrinkled texture on top. Real artifacts, however, do not show such characteristics.
2. Some carvings are burned using fire, then coated with yellow soil and left to dry, giving them a rustic appearance.
3. Stone carvings are boiled for several days in smoky water, which results in a rust-like color when dried.
4. A similar effect can be achieved by soaking the carvings in Tenghuangbaiyu for several days, producing the same aged look as described in point 3.
5. Using a fragrant head, a layer of natural residue is applied. The pieces are placed in sunny areas and misted with water daily. After a few months, the surface is cleaned with cool water to remove loose dust, leaving behind a realistic loess-like rust.
6. Treating the stone with potassium permanganate creates a deep, aged appearance. After the solution penetrates the stone, the surface is rinsed and lightly coated with yellow mud. This method mimics the look of real antiques. However, if the piece is genuine, the color won't wash off with alkaline water. Fake items may look authentic at first, but they lose their color when exposed to such solutions.
7. An oxygen torch is used to burn the stone surface for 4–9 seconds, depending on the stone’s hardness. The distance between the torch and the stone is kept between 6–11 cm, resulting in a burnt area of 75–96%. Afterward, the surface is brushed with an iron brush, and depending on the desired level of aging, a brown hair machine is used to polish it. Finally, a mixture of tea juice, ink, and rust juice is applied, followed by waxing to complete the antique look.
These techniques are commonly used to create the illusion of age and authenticity in modern stone carvings, making them appealing to collectors and enthusiasts alike.