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With the rise in living standards, people's perspectives have gradually shifted, and there has been a growing interest in antique styles. As a result, the art of stone carving has gained more popularity. In common perception, antique stone carvings are often confused with fake ones. However, it's important to understand that "imitation" and "forgery" are two distinct concepts. Imitation involves replicating or emulating original works, while a fake ancient stone carving is entirely fabricated, with no basis in authenticity.
There are several methods used to artificially age stone carvings to make them appear older:
1. The surface of the stone is treated with nitric acid or hydrochloric acid. This chemical reaction causes corrosion, giving the stone an aged look. When exposed to sunlight during summer, the surface becomes dark and shiny, similar to genuine relics. However, real artifacts do not have this kind of artificial texture.
2. The stone carvings are fired using fire, then coated with yellow soil and left to dry. This process gives them a weathered appearance, mimicking the look of aged stone.
3. The carvings are soaked in a large amount of smoked water for several days. After being dried, they develop a color resembling iron rust, making them look authentic.
4. Boiling the stone carvings in Tenghuangbaiyu for a few days produces a similar effect as described in point 3, enhancing the aged appearance.
5. A fragrant head is used to smoke the carvings, and they are placed in sunny areas. Water is sprayed on them several times a day. After several months, the surface is cleaned with cool water, removing loose ash and soil. What remains looks very similar to real loess rust found on authentic pieces.
6. Treating the stone with potassium permanganate can create a realistic aged effect. After the solution penetrates the stone, the surface is rinsed with clean water, and a small amount of yellow mud is applied. This method mimics the natural patina of old stone carvings. It’s crucial to note that real antique carvings resist alkaline solutions, while fakes may lose their rust when exposed to such substances.
7. Using an oxygen torch, the stone is heated for 4 to 9 seconds, depending on its hardness. The distance between the torch and the stone surface is kept at 6 to 11 cm, creating a burn mark covering 75% to 96% of the area. Afterward, the surface is brushed with an iron brush to remove hair-like textures. Depending on how old the piece should look, a brown-haired machine is used for polishing. Finally, a mixture of Chen tea juice, ink, and rust juice is applied. Once dried and waxed, the stone meets the standards of an antique artifact.
These techniques are widely used by artisans and collectors to create convincing replicas that closely resemble genuine antique stone carvings.