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According to the structural characteristics of the crushing machine, the equipment can be categorized into five main types. Each type is designed for specific materials and applications, making them suitable for different stages of feed production.
The **hammer mill** is one of the most commonly used machines in the industry. It operates by using high-speed rotating hammers to break down the material. This type of crusher has a simple structure, is easy to operate, and is cost-effective. It can handle a wide range of feed materials, except for those with high moisture content. It is particularly effective for grains rich in starch, oil cakes, and fibrous materials like straw and shells. Hammer mills are widely used in both domestic and international feed mills due to their efficiency and versatility.
Another type is the **claw mill**, which primarily relies on impact and shearing forces. The impact components are fixed within the machine, allowing it to effectively crush brittle and hard materials. This makes it ideal for processing harder substances that require strong mechanical action.
The **disc mill**, also known as a disk grinder, works through friction and cutting. The grinding surface can be disc-shaped or conical, and the machine may have one or two rotating discs. This design allows for fine grinding, especially when processing dry and oil-free feeds. It is often used when a finer particle size is required.
The **roll mill** uses two rolls with similar diameters that rotate either in the same or opposite directions. The shearing and pressing action between the rolls helps to crush the material. It is best suited for grain-based feeds but is not recommended for oily or high-moisture materials, as these can reduce efficiency and cause wear on the equipment.
Lastly, the **broken cake machine** is used to break large oil cakes into smaller pieces before they are further crushed. There are two main types: the hammer type and the counter-roll type. The hammer type is simpler in structure but tends to produce more noise, while the counter-roll type is more complex but offers better performance and less noise.
In addition to the structural classification, crushers can also be divided based on the desired particle size. These include **coarse crushers**, **medium crushers**, **micro crushers**, and **superfine crushers**, each tailored for different end-use requirements.
In most feed production facilities, the **medium-crushing hammer mill** is typically the primary machine used due to its balance of efficiency, cost, and adaptability to a wide range of feed ingredients.