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Currently, high-temperature resistant coatings available on the market are primarily divided into inorganic and organic types. Inorganic coatings include ceramic, silicate, phosphate, and zinc-rich primers, while organic options consist of fluororesin, heterocyclic polymer, and silicone-based coatings.

Fluororesin coatings are a type of coating that uses fluorinated resins as the main film-forming component. They are also known as fluorocarbon lacquers or fluorine coatings. These coatings are highly valued for their exceptional properties, such as excellent weather resistance, heat resistance, low-temperature performance, and chemical stability. The strong fluorocarbon bonds and high electronegativity of fluorine elements make them particularly durable. Originally developed by DuPont in 1938, fluororesin coatings revolutionized the chemical industry with their remarkable physicochemical properties.

Silicone resin is widely used as a high-temperature resistant coating due to the high bond energy of its Si-O bonds, which reaches up to 443 kJ/mol. This makes it highly stable under extreme conditions. Its advantages include:

  1. Thermal Stability: The Si-O bond has higher covalent bond energy than typical carbon-carbon bonds found in organic polymers. When exposed to heat, the hydrocarbon groups in silicone polymers oxidize to form a more stable Si-O-Si crosslinked network, protecting the internal structure of the material.
  2. Oxidation Resistance: The large difference in electronegativity between silicon and oxygen gives the Si-O bond significant polarity, which helps shield the attached organic groups from oxidation.
  3. Unique Molecular Structure: Silicone polymers have a backbone made of Si-O units, with various organic groups attached via silicon atoms. This hybrid structure combines the benefits of both organic and inorganic materials, resulting in excellent weather resistance, heat resistance, water repellency, electrical insulation, and chemical stability. Some variants even offer radiation and solvent resistance.

Current research in high-temperature coatings focuses on improving room-temperature curing capabilities, enhancing performance against high temperatures and corrosion, and expanding the temperature range to provide long-term protection at extreme levels—up to 1800°C or higher. These advancements aim to meet the growing demands of industries such as aerospace, automotive, and industrial manufacturing.

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