Environmental pollution has become a natural enemy

The Avalokitesvara statue, carved during the Southern Song Dynasty, is one of the most iconic elements of the Dazu rock carvings. Standing 7.7 meters tall and spanning 12.5 meters wide, the massive sculpture is located on cliffs that rise between 15 to 30 meters high. It features 830 hands, symbolizing its infinite compassion, and is shaped like a peacock, making it the largest immobile Avalokitesvara in the world. Its historical and artistic significance cannot be overstated.

Over the past 800 years, the Dazu rock carvings have suffered extensive damage due to natural weathering, human activity, and environmental factors. In recent decades, with the rapid pace of urbanization and industrial expansion, pollutants have started to seriously impact the preservation of these ancient artifacts. Chongqing, known as an old industrial hub, is located in an area prone to acid rain, which has accelerated the deterioration of the Avalokitesvara. According to Chen Huili, the current environmental conditions—characterized by high temperature, high humidity, and acidic levels—are far worse than those during the Song Dynasty. She emphasizes that the preservation environment back then was significantly more favorable for maintaining the integrity of the statue.

In response to these challenges, the restoration project for the Chongqing Dazu Avalokitesvara began in 2008, with the goal of completing the entire restoration by mid-2015. This long-term effort involves advanced conservation techniques and ongoing monitoring to ensure the statue’s survival for future generations.

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