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With the rapid growth of the aquaculture industry, finding sustainable and cost-effective feed sources has become a critical challenge for many farmers. Unfortunately, a large amount of green feed is often wasted—either burned after drying or left unused. This not only leads to resource wastage but also causes environmental pollution. A practical and eco-friendly solution is to convert this green feed into silage, which allows for better preservation and utilization.
Silage is an effective method of preserving fresh grass, corn stalks, wild grass, and other green feeds. It retains most of the original nutrients while improving palatability. The silage can be stored for a long time with minimal nutrient loss, takes up less space, and is easy to produce and handle. It has a pleasant sour-sweet aroma, is rich in nutrients, and helps improve the feed conversion rate. This makes it an excellent option for supplementing livestock diets during the winter and spring months when green feed is scarce, ensuring their healthy growth and increasing breeding success rates.
To make silage, it’s essential to first construct a proper silo. The location should be on high ground, with firm soil, low groundwater levels, and away from ponds or pits. The silo can be round or rectangular, built using bricks and stones, and then sealed with plastic film to ensure an airtight environment.
The moisture content of the green feed should be around 60%. When preparing the silage, layers of material are placed on a concrete base, and large quantities are compacted mechanically. The goal is to remove air pockets so that lactic acid bacteria can thrive under anaerobic conditions. The center of the pile should be 1–2 meters higher than the edges. After shaping the top, cover it with plastic film and then seal it tightly with soil. The soil layer should be at least 30–40 cm thick. If the material sinks or cracks appear, additional soil should be added promptly to prevent water leakage.
After about 30 days of fermentation, the silage is ready for use. Before feeding, check the quality: if the feed is yellow-green and has a sweet or fruity smell, it’s a sign of successful silage. However, if it smells moldy or spoiled, it should not be used to avoid poisoning the animals.
When feeding livestock, it’s important to maintain freshness and use the silage as needed. Any leftover feed should be properly stored to avoid spoilage. In winter and spring, when temperatures are higher, silage should be consumed quickly after opening, as it can change taste easily if left out too long.
In cases where green feed is frozen during winter, it should be thawed before feeding. Silage has a mild laxative effect, so it should not be fed exclusively. Pregnant animals should be given smaller amounts to reduce the risk of miscarriage. If the silage is too acidic, you can neutralize it by adding 3–5% lime milk or 9–10% baking soda solution, mixing it with 10–20% of the silage weight, and stirring thoroughly before feeding again. Always cover the silage after each use to protect it from rain and snow, preventing mold and spoilage.