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Since the beginning of summer, the weather has become increasingly hot and rainy, creating ideal conditions for pests and diseases to thrive. This makes vegetable cultivation and management more challenging. To ensure high-quality, high-yield, and efficient farming, it's essential to focus on several key areas in field management.
First, it's crucial to strengthen fertilizer management. Most summer vegetables are currently in a critical growth phase, while some have entered the harvesting stage. Proper fertilization and irrigation play a significant role in achieving optimal yields and quality. The principle of "using more organic fertilizer and less chemical fertilizer" should guide your approach. For leafy vegetables like cabbage and celery, nitrogen and calcium fertilizers should be the main components, with potassium, phosphate, and some micronutrients such as zinc and magnesium added as needed. For fruiting crops like tomatoes, watermelons, and melons, phosphorus and potassium should take priority, with smaller amounts of nitrogen and additional micronutrients. Root vegetables, such as radishes, benefit most from potassium-based fertilizers, along with some phosphate and micronutrients. Watering should be done carefully—during dry periods, use small, frequent irrigations, and during heavy rains, ensure proper drainage by digging ditches. Excess water can lead to root rot and other issues, especially in crops like watermelons and root vegetables. After heavy rain, if drainage is good, you can also apply water combined with fertilization to help lower soil temperature and promote healthy growth.
Second, field management must be intensified. Weeding is an important task during this season, as the warm and wet climate encourages rapid weed growth. Regular weeding is necessary, but avoid loosening the soil too much to prevent root damage. It’s best to avoid herbicides, as they can negatively affect vegetable growth and even cause long-term harm if used improperly.
Ridging and drainage are also vital. For crops like cabbages and green onions, it's important to maintain raised beds to improve drainage after rain or watering. If ridges haven't been formed yet, create them based on the crop's needs to prevent waterlogging and reduce disease risk.
Pruning and training plants is another key step. For climbing crops like cucumbers, beans, and tomatoes, regular pruning (removing old or diseased leaves) helps improve air circulation and light penetration, which increases fruit set. For watermelons and pumpkins, it's important to manage vine growth so that it doesn’t become too dense, which can weaken the plant’s resistance to disease.
Third, pest control must be strengthened. Summer vegetables are prone to various pests and diseases, including aphids, viral infections, soft rot, downy mildew, root rot, powdery mildew, bean mites, and spider mites. There are also physiological issues like fruit cracking, fruit drop, and poor growth. A proactive approach is essential—focus on prevention and use biological pesticides whenever possible to minimize chemical exposure and protect both the crops and the environment.
By following these practices, farmers can effectively manage their summer crops and achieve better results in terms of yield, quality, and sustainability.