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Since the beginning of summer, the weather has become increasingly hot and humid, creating ideal conditions for pests and diseases to thrive. This makes vegetable cultivation more challenging, as managing crops under such conditions requires careful attention and timely actions. To ensure high-quality, high-yield, and efficient production, it is essential to strengthen field management in several key areas.
First, focus on improved fertilizer management. Most summer vegetables are currently in a critical growth phase, while some have entered their harvesting period. Proper nutrient and water management at this stage plays a crucial role in achieving good yields and quality. Fertilization should follow the principle of "using more organic fertilizers and less chemical ones." Tailored fertilization is necessary depending on the type of crop. For leafy vegetables like cabbage and celery, nitrogen and calcium fertilizers should be the main components, with potassium, phosphate, and some micronutrients added for balanced nutrition. A foliar fertilizer like potassium dihydrogen phosphate can also be used. For fruiting crops such as tomatoes, watermelons, and melons, phosphorus and potassium should be prioritized, with some nitrogen and micronutrients added. Root vegetables, like radishes, mainly need potassium, along with phosphate and micronutrients. Watering and drainage must be carefully managed. With high temperatures and irregular rainfall, it's important to water frequently during dry periods and avoid overwatering. In heavy rain, proper drainage is essential—ditches should be dug to prevent waterlogging, which can lead to root rot or other issues. After heavy rains, if the drainage is good, some groundwater can help lower the soil temperature, and watering can be combined with fertilization to maximize efficiency.
Second, enhance field maintenance. Weeding is essential during the summer due to the favorable conditions for weed growth. Regular weeding should be done without disturbing the soil too much, to avoid damaging plant roots. It’s best to avoid herbicides, as they can negatively impact vegetable growth and may even cause long-term harm. If used, they should be applied carefully. Another important task is ridge building and irrigation channel maintenance. For crops grown on raised beds, such as cabbages and green onions, ridges should be maintained after rain or irrigation to ensure proper drainage. For crops that haven’t been ridged yet, it’s important to create them based on the crop’s growth needs. Good drainage helps prevent water accumulation, reducing the risk of disease. Pruning and trellising are also important. For climbing crops like cucumbers, beans, and tomatoes, regular pruning—removing old or diseased leaves—helps improve air circulation and light penetration, increasing fruit set. For watermelons and pumpkins, it’s important to manage the vines properly, keeping them from becoming too dense, which can reduce disease resistance.
Third, implement effective pest control measures. Summer is a peak season for pests and diseases, including aphids, viral infections, soft rot, downy mildew, root rot, powdery mildew, spider mites, and others. There are also physiological issues like fruit cracking, fruit drop, and poor growth. The approach should be preventive, with an emphasis on using biological pesticides whenever possible. Early detection and intervention are key to minimizing damage and ensuring healthy crops. Regular monitoring, proper sanitation, and integrated pest management practices can significantly reduce the need for chemical interventions, leading to safer and more sustainable farming.