Continuous beam is a common term for two or more continuous collinear beams that are supported by columns or other beams without seismic performance requirements. It is not often built in earthquake-prone countries like Greece. On the other hand, it is widely used in areas with little seismic activity. As far as steel bars are concerned, the structure of continuous beams without seismic behavior requirements is much simpler than that of seismic beams. Construction Formwork,Moving Formwork Support,Continuous Beam Formwork,Beam Formwork System Anshan Lijian Engineering Group Co. LTD , https://www.lijianformwork.com
Automatic Transfer Switching Equipment (ATSE) is a critical component in emergency power supply systems, designed to automatically switch a load from one power source to another—typically a backup or standby source. This ensures continuous and reliable operation of essential loads, minimizing downtime and preventing disruptions in critical applications.
On June 9, 2013, during the general low-voltage electrical sub-conference of the China Association of Electrical Equipment Industry, Yin Tianwen, Dean of the Shanghai Electric Apparatus Research Institute, highlighted the evolving trends in ATSE technology. He emphasized that modern ATSEs are moving toward higher current ratings, increased short-circuit withstand capabilities, and improved mechanical and electrical life. These developments reflect the growing demands placed on power systems, especially in industrial and infrastructure settings.
According to Professor Yin, the latest ATSEs are being developed for high-current applications, reaching up to 4000–6300A. They are designed to handle higher rated short-circuit currents, with a short-time withstand current (Icw) that meets or exceeds the expected short-circuit current of the circuit. Additionally, the short-circuit making capacity (Icm) is required to be at least 2–2.2 times Icw, ensuring safe and stable performance under fault conditions.
For distribution-class ATSEs, there's a focus on increasing the rated limiting short-circuit current (Iq). When used in category AO-33 (10Ie), the Iq must be greater than the expected short-circuit current, while also exceeding the I²t value of the protective devices. Meanwhile, load-level ATSEs are evolving to offer longer mechanical and electrical lifespans, surpassing traditional Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCBs) and supporting diverse operational needs.
To meet specific market requirements, a dedicated Static Transfer Switch (STS) has also been introduced. STS offers extremely fast switching times, typically less than 5–10 milliseconds, making it ideal for sensitive applications such as telecommunications, rail transit, airports, and military facilities where even a brief power interruption can have serious consequences.
These advancements in ATSE technology rely on several key innovations, including precise power synchronization and phase sequence detection, controller anti-interference techniques, comprehensive emergency power system solutions, and advanced static transfer switch technologies. All these elements work together to ensure seamless and safe power transitions.
Given their critical role in maintaining power continuity, ATSEs are widely used in high-stakes environments. Any failure in the switching process could lead to dangerous situations, such as power supply short circuits or loss of essential loads. Such failures not only result in financial losses but can also disrupt production, affect economic stability, and pose serious security risks. Therefore, continuous development and improvement of ATSE technology remain crucial for ensuring the reliability and safety of power systems worldwide.