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Characteristics of the world machine tool industry The development level of the machine tool industry is highly correlated with the level of manufacturing and industrial development. The machine tool industry is the foundation of modern manufacturing and modern industry. The development of the machine tool industry has driven the development of manufacturing and industry. For a country, the local machine tool industry is closely linked to the local manufacturing and industry, and the high-level local machine tool industry helps to raise the level of local manufacturing and industry. Germany and Japan's competitive manufacturing and industry are largely due to the country's high-level local machine tool industry, the US's advantages in high-end manufacturing such as aerospace and aerospace, and the US's research and development and production of high-end machine tools. Inseparable.
The machine tool industry is a highly international industry. The world machine tool industry is a highly international industry, characterized by market internationalization, technology internationalization, and investment internationalization. The international machine tool market is highly internationalized, and the production of machine tools for foreign users has become the practice of the world's machine tool industry. Machine tool exports from the world's major machine tool producing countries account for a high proportion of total output. In 2003, for example, more than 80% of machine tool products in Switzerland and Taiwan, where the machine tool industry is developed, exported by Germany and Japan, respectively, 63% and 53%. In the United States, where the machine tool industry has fallen behind in recent years, the export share has reached 40%. %, among the 10 largest machine tool producing countries, except China, the proportion of exports is above 40%. The phenomenon of investment in internationalization of the machine tool industry in recent years is also remarkable. Establishing branch factories and joint ventures abroad is very common in the world machine tool industry. The world's major machine tool manufacturers have established wholly-owned and joint ventures abroad. In recent years, many international machine tool companies have actively participated in the Chinese market to establish joint ventures or wholly-owned enterprises.
Domestic machine tool demand is fluctuating drastically, and the world's total machine tool demand is relatively stable. An important feature of the world machine tool industry is that the demand for domestic machine tools in a single country is fluctuating, while the total demand for machine tools in the world is relatively stable. Taking China as an example, in the 10 years from 1994 to 2003, the highest year of domestic machine tool sales in China (2003) was 2.59 times of the lowest year (1999), and the annual sales fluctuation was extremely obvious. In South Korea from 1994 to 2003, the demand for machine tools changed the most. The highest year consumed $2.766 billion in 2003, and the lowest year only consumed $571 million in 1998. The highest year was 4.84 times the lowest. The total sales of machine tools in the world remained relatively stable. In the 10 years from 1994 to 2003, the highest total number of machine tool consumption in the world's six major countries (2003) was only 35% higher than the lowest year (1994).
The industrial clustering effect of the machine tool industry is obvious. Industrial agglomeration effect is a common phenomenon in industrial development, and industrial gatherings bring many competitive advantages to the industry. Industrial agglomeration is conducive to technology spillovers, is conducive to reducing operating costs such as procurement costs, and is beneficial to the cooperation of enterprises in the industrial chain. The industrial agglomeration effect of the world machine tool industry is extremely obvious. The industrial agglomeration effect of the world machine tool industry is first manifested in the concentration of machine tool production in a few countries. The world machine tool industry is mainly concentrated in a few machine tool producing countries such as Germany, Japan, Italy, China, and Switzerland. Germany, Japan and Italy produce and sell 54% of the world's machine tools. Due to the layout of the machine tool industry in the planned economy era, the industrial agglomeration phenomenon of China's machine tool industry is not obvious. However, in recent years, China's machine tool industry has clearly concentrated on the four provinces of Liaoning, Jiangsu, Shandong and Zhejiang. China's machine tool industry in 1985, the largest machine tool output of four provinces and cities (Liaoning, Jiangsu, Shandong, Shanghai) metal cutting machine tool production accounted for 43% of the national output, and in 2003, the largest machine tool production of four provinces (Liaoning, Jiangsu, Shandong, Zhejiang) The proportion of metal cutting machine tools has reached 66%.
Private enterprises such as family businesses play an important role in the development of the machine tool industry. The enterprise ownership model has a profound impact on the production and operation activities of enterprises. Every industry has a suitable corporate ownership model. For example, the catering industry is suitable for private enterprises, while the tap water supply is suitable for public enterprises. For the machine tool industry, there are also ownership models suitable for the development of the machine tool industry. The machine tool industry is an industry with a long investment cycle, high requirements for production experience, small product batches, and high product personalization requirements. These characteristics of the machine tool industry have determined that private enterprises such as family businesses can play an important role in the development of the machine tool industry. The world's major machine tool producing countries, such as Germany, the United States, Japan, Italy, Spain, etc., in the development of the machine tool industry, the family business played a very important role. At this stage, many machine tool companies in Germany, Italy, the United States, Spain and other machine tool producing countries are still family businesses. In recent years, the machine tool industry in Taiwan has developed rapidly, and it has also benefited from the island machine tool family business.
Countermeasures for the development of the machine tool industry First, we should attach great importance to the strategic position of the local machine tool industry. As the machine tool industry is closely related to local manufacturing and local industries, a strong local machine tool industry will provide a good foundation for local manufacturing and local industry development. We must attach great importance to this strategic position and role of the local machine tool industry, and regard the machine tool industry as a strategic industry in China.
Second, encourage and support China's machine tool industry to go abroad and go global. Due to the fluctuating demand for machine tools in the domestic market of individual countries, it is difficult for machine tool manufacturers that rely solely on the domestic market to grow and develop, and there are large operational risks. The world's major machine tool producers and major machine tool manufacturers sell their machine tools worldwide. Actively exploring the international market and forming domestic and international markets are not only the needs of China's industrial development and growth, but also the need of China's machine tool industry to avoid operational risks.
Third, improve the ownership structure of China's machine tool industry and deepen the reform of the management system of state-owned enterprises in the machine tool industry. The machine tool industry has many characteristics such as large variety of products, small batch size, high individualization requirements, high requirements for production experience and long investment cycle. These characteristics make private enterprises such as family enterprises play an important role in the development of this industry. At this stage, China's machine tool industry is in a period of rapid development, supporting the development of private machine tool enterprises, and encouraging private capital to invest in the machine tool industry will help improve the ownership structure of China's machine tool industry, thus promoting the development of China's machine tool industry.
Fourth, on the basis of fully respecting the laws of the market, establish a strategic area for the development and production of machine tools in China. The industrial agglomeration effect of the world machine tool industry is extremely obvious. The industry gathering of the machine tool industry brings many competitive advantages to the machine tool industry, such as reducing operating costs, increasing technology spillovers, and enhancing cooperation among companies in the industry chain. Compared with the world's major machine tool producing countries, China's machine tool industry is currently too fragmented, and the degree of industrial agglomeration is far from enough. On the basis of fully respecting the market rules, the establishment of China's machine tool industry strategic agglomeration area is conducive to enhancing the competitiveness of China's machine tool industry. At present, it is possible to consider the establishment of China's machine tool industry strategic industrial areas in areas with good machine tool industry and good development prospects, such as Liaoning, Jiangsu and Shandong.
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The machine tool industry is the foundation of modern industry, especially modern manufacturing, and plays an important strategic position in the national economy. Analysis of the characteristics of the world machine tool industry will help us understand the special laws of the machine tool industry and find a way to develop the machine tool industry that suits China's national conditions.