Japan's Solar Frontier, IBM of USA and Tokyo Yinghua Industry Co., Ltd. jointly developed a miniature CZTS solar cell with an area of ​​0.42cm2, and achieved the world's highest conversion efficiency of 12.6%. The highest conversion efficiency of the previous micro CZTS solar cells was 11.1% released by the research team in August 2012. The research team improved the conversion efficiency of CZTS solar cells by improving the optical absorption layer of Cu2ZnSnSxSe4-x (CZTSSe) and improving the optical structure. The developed battery cell has an open circuit voltage of 513.4 mV, a short-circuit current density of 35.2 mA/cm2, and a fill factor of 69.8%. These data were measured by Newport Corporation of the United States. The CZTS solar cell is a thin film compound type solar cell made of Cu, Zn, Sn, S, and Se. Compared with the CIGS solar cell that Solar Frontier currently mass-produces, its feature is that it does not contain rare metals such as In and Ga. Therefore, Solar Frontier has been trying to increase the conversion efficiency of CZTS solar cells that can be mass-produced at a low cost in order to welcome a large number of solar cells. In addition, the world's highest conversion efficiency of CIGS solar cells was recorded as 20.8% (Published in English) of the German Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Center (ZSW) announced in late October 2013. (Reporter: He Jiji, "Nikkei Electronics")
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