The combination of relatively inexpensive materials and anti-freeze agents prevents the radiators from freezing at low temperatures, which may be the key to reducing photovoltaic costs and avoiding the use of toxic compounds, thereby expanding photovoltaic applications. If this method is perfect, the use of domestic microwave ovens to heat solar cells is also expected to be realized. Engineers at Oregon State University pointed out that ethylene glycol, commonly used in antifreeze agents, performs well in continuous flow reactors and is expected to be a production-ready, easily expandable, thin-film solar cell fabrication material. The article published in the "Journal of Materials Science Letters" also pointed out that copper, zinc, tin, sulfur, because of its unique optical properties and cheap, environmentally friendly, may be applied to the production of the panel. Greg Herman, an associate professor of biological, chemical and environmental engineering at the University of Oregon, said: “The adoption of expensive production materials and toxic compounds may affect the global application of photovoltaics. This project provides us with a wealth of cheap And the materials that can be found in the United States can be found." In contrast, current solar panel production uses copper indium gallium selenide thin film solar technology. Among them, indium is relatively rare and expensive and prolific in China. Last year, indium and germanium prices were 275 times higher than zinc. The use of ethylene glycol in the mesoscopic flow reactor, invented by Oregon State University, can accurately control temperature and reaction time, improve crystal quality and particle uniformity, and improve overall panel performance. Copper-zinc tin-sulfide thin-film solar technology also produces faster than the "batch processing model" used by many companies to produce copper indium gallium selenide nanoparticles. Traditional indium gallium selenide thin-film solar technology takes a whole day, and the continuous-flow reactor takes only half an hour. The extra reaction speed will eventually reduce the production cost. "In a wide range of industrial production, all factors - raw materials, speed, quality management - will be converted into benefits," Hermann said, "Our technology allows you to produce high-quality solar panels with a minimum of money. ." Experts pointed out that at present, copper-zinc-tin-sulfur thin-film solar technology may not be comparable to copper indium gallium selenide thin-film solar technology, but with the addition and optimization of other materials, copper-zinc-tin-sulfur thin-film solar technology is likely to produce solar cells with comparable efficiency. board. Solar Lights,String Lights,Garden Lights,Solar Garden Lights Foshan Nanhai Pinming Electrical Appliance Co.,Ltd , https://www.mavcadonf.com